I. In the mid 1700s Britain was ripe for the development
of industry: it had a good food
supply, a large work force, and lots of people with money to invest.
II. Inventions Revolutionized the Textile Industry
a. Britain produced lots of textiles (wool, linen, cotton)
but had to spin it by hand.
b. Because the demand for textiles were high, and workers
couldn't spin enough
quick enough to meet the demands, great profits could be made
if they could think of
an invention to speed up the process of spinning it.
III. One Invention led to another
a. By 1800, six major inventions revolutionized the textile
industry.
1. John Kay- The Flying Shuttle" which allowed a weaver
to work twice as fast
2. James Hargreaves- A new spinning wheel." the
spinning jenny"
3. Richard Arkwright- A water frame used water power to
drive the spinning
wheels.
4. Samuel Compton- Combined the spinning jenny and the
water frame to
produce the "spinning mule."
5. Edmund Cartwright- "power loom" sped up weaving.
used water power.
6. Eli Whitney- "cotton gin" removed seeds from
cotton. This sped up cotton
production from 9000 bales to 987,000 bales in 40 years.
IV. Watt improved the steam Engine
a. The early inventions used water power which had limits--factories
had to be near
rushing water.
b. Steam was the new more convenient source of power.
c. James watt invented the newer steam engine which would
run more quickly.
d. Watt got together with Matthew Boulton. They were both
ENTREPENEURS--a
person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risk of business.
e. With Boulton's backing, Watt continued to make better
and better steam engines.
V. Industrialization Spread to other countries.
a. For many years, Britain kept industrialization a secret.
b. But soon, the secrets snuck out to other countries...
1. In 1789, Samuel Slater secretly sailed to the U.S. and
built a spinning machine
there.
2. In 1790, Moses Brown sailed to the U.S. and built a
factory there.
3. By 1850, the spread of factories had spread throughout
NE U.S.
c. Industry did not hit continental Europe before 1815.
d. Goods from England flooded Europe.
e. As a result, of these cheaper products, many European
workers out of work.
f. The rest of Europe started to copy England to keep up.
g. Industrial "Islands" popped up where industry
was ripe in parts of Europe: Milan,
Frankfurt, Lyons.
VI. Britain led the world in Industry
a. Before 1850, no other country could rival Britain. (ex.
Britain produced 70% of
Europe's cotton).
b. Why? It had a big lead on other countries, it had elements
perfect for its
industrialization (money, resources, etc.), its railroad systems
were a great
advantage.